indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
this and that; one thing or another
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
troublesome; difficult (e.g. customer, guest, child); laborious (e.g. task, dinner)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be responsible for; to bear the responsibility of
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
eleven; team (of eleven players; esp. in soccer)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
only; merely; just; at most; no more than