ray (any fish of superorder Batoidea)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
head start; initiative; preemption
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
if you think about it; come to think of it
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to win through (e.g. to finals); to advance
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
overwhelming strength; extremely strong person; powerhouse; very strong player; very strong team
adds force or indicates command
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
to win through (e.g. to the next round); to win game after game; to achieve a final victory; to fight to the end and win; to come out on top