indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
product; produce; result; fruit
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reality; actuality; hard fact
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take; to bring about
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to turn towards; to point
considerably; greatly; a lot
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
specialization; specialisation
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
hey there; I say; see here
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
at least; at most; (even) just