here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
forest preservation; forestry preservation
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
forcing (plants, vegetables, etc.); artificially hastening the growth of plants (by controlling heat, light, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
princess; spoiled girl; hothouse flower; glue
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
generation; the world; the age
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
plant (i.e. equipment, machinery, etc.); plant; vegetation
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah