let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
suffix for familiar person
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to run along; to run beside; to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
pick; plectrum; ice pick; pickaxe; pick (of an ice axe); pick (tool for picking a lock)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
bowstring; string (of a shamisen, etc.); stringed instrument; chord; hypotenuse
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be caught in; to be stuck in; to stop by; to drop in for a short visit; to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to fall for (a trick)
to turn away (one's eyes, face, etc.); to avert; to displease; to annoy; to miss (the target, ball, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement