time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
party (of people); set (of people); clan; family; fellow
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!