indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; group; party; company; troupe
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
intelligence; intellect; brains
to furnish with; to equip with; to prepare for; to make preparations for; to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
in succession; one by one
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
(not) anyone; (not) a single person; no one; nobody
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
meaning; significance; sense
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to run into (room, building, etc.); to go for long training runs
group; party; team; squad; section
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o