indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
second (unit of time); arc second
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
son of a bitch; piece of shit
face; mug; surface; cheek meat; (arch.) cheek; (arch.) cheeks
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)