yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to compete with; to argue with; to quarrel
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
such ... as; or some such
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to shake (from fear, cold, excitement, etc.); to shudder; to tremble
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
feeling; sense; impression
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
meaning; significance; sense
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
adds force or indicates command