at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
postponement; deferment; extension (of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to pass (of time); to elapse
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
addition; increase; Canada
traditional cap worn by Shinto clergy and courtiers; crown; diadem; top kanji radical; first verse of a haikai, etc.; best; peerless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ceremony; matter; affair; with regard to; as for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
domestic and foreign; inside and outside the country
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
ruler of a country; sovereign; monarch
mainly; chiefly; primarily; for the most part
acknowledgement; acknowledgment; recognition; cognition
in that way; thus; so; so?
bass range (in Japanese music); six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
honesty; sincerity; trust; reliance; (religious) faith; devotion
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so