indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
suffix for familiar person
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
senior high school; high school
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)
as (for); for; in the capacity of
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
construction; framework; erection; assembly; organization; organisation
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
study; research; investigation
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
1,000,000; one million; million; many
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness