indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey there; I say; see here
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
adds force or indicates command
ahead; further on; beyond (this place); before this; prior to this; earlier
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
cloth bib displaying a competitor's number; athlete's number
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
but; however; provided that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
preparations for returning (home)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
sports ground; sports oval
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
starting line; starting point
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
please (give me); please (do for me)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation