indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
war; battle; match; game; competition
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
favorite (to win); favourite; likely winner; one's heart's desire; first choice
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tenth day of the month; ten days
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
official certification; official approval; certification examination; licensing examination; hypothesis testing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
outfield; outfielder; outfield bleachers; third party; outsider
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise