indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
greeting; a fine thing to say
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
adds force or indicates command
shaft of an arrow (usu. made of thin bamboo); cornetfish
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
well then ...; in that situation; in which case