only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
vein (of ore); reef; streak; lode
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to omit; to leave out; to overtake; to pass; to say; to speak
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
lump (of flour, etc.); clump (of ground meat, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
how many months?; how long?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
absurd; ridiculous; silly; ludicrous; nonsensical; asinine
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
by all means; no matter what; at any rate
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement