mum; mom; mummy; the missus
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
putting on a brave face; put-on cheeriness; pretending one is fine; show of courage; bravado; Dutch courage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
full of energy; full of liveliness; full of pep
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
in that way; thus; so; so?
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
weekend; Saturday and Sunday
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all varieties of flowers; many flowers
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to that extent; accordingly; that being the case; that state; that condition
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
to be needed; to be wanted
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
of course; certainly; naturally
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach