culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
a piece; a scrap; a fragment; iota; modicum; trace
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
to replace; to substitute
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to be stormy; to be rough; to be rough (of skin); to be chapped; to be ruined; to fall into ruin