indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
homeroom; form room; form class
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
continuation; succession; series
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to send to; to deliver; to escort (a person) home
to be truant; to slack off; to play hooky; to skip school; to cut class; to skip out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
after school (at the end of the day)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
all day long; all the day; throughout the day
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged