to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
first three days of the New Year (January 1-3)
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?