indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the Horse (seventh sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Horse (around noon, 11am-1pm, or 12 noon-2pm); south; fifth month of the lunar calendar
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to wait for a long time; to wait and wait; to eagerly await
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
by all means; at all costs; absolutely
the Rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac); the Cock; hour of the Rooster (around 6pm, 5-7pm, or 6-8pm); west; eight month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
constancy; integrity; fidelity; principle; faithfulness; honor
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail); claw; plectrum; pick; hook; clasp
hum; hmm; hm hm (light chuckle with mouth closed); uh-huh; mm; hmm
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
with the exception of; excepting; excluding