request; favor; favour; reliance; dependence; trust
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
control; management (e.g. of a business)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to go out and away; to leave
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take over; to hand over
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness