hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
primary school; elementary school; grade school
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
starting lineup; player in the starting lineup
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
phantom; vision; illusion
educational institution; school; academy; campus
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to