this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
by means of; due to; because of; according to
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to have both; to possess both; to combine with
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
individual technique (in team sports); individual skills; individual play
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to surpass; to outstrip; to excel
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be evident; to be obvious; to understand completely
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...