one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
surplus-; excess-; over-; per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be transparent; to be see-through; to be clear; to be clear (voice, sound)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
spring water; clear (pure) water
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
torii; Shinto shrine archway
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the other evening; a few nights ago
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
two persons; two people; pair; couple
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
small grain; small stature or ability
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
stairs; stairway; staircase
gently (raining); drizzling; moist; damp
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track