first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
street fighting; urban warfare
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
sun; saint; San (people); son
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
disaster preparedness; prevention of damage resulting from a natural disaster; protection against disaster
society; public; community; social studies
cause of a disease; root of an evil
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
observation; survey; watching
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
remarkable; striking; obvious
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
the same age; same period
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to differ; to vary; to disagree
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dreadful; terrible; horrible; fearsome; formidable; awesome
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
since the dawn of history
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
wall iris; roof iris; Iris tectorum; fleur-de-lis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted