one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tree sparrow (Passer montanus); talkative person; knowledgeable person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tighten; to press hard
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
quiet; still; surreptitious
lovable; sweet; charming; pitiful; pathetic; touching
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is
small window; fenestella; scuttle (type of hatch on a ship)
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out