January; first month of the lunar calendar
first day of the month; (arch.) first ten days of the lunar month
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to declare; to name; to call
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
myself; yourself; I; me; you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to boil up; to come to the boil; to arise; to break out; to get excited; to be in uproar
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to feel; to sense; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to state; to express; to mention
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding