good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
adds force or indicates command
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
turning evil into good through proselytization
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to assume the air of ...; to behave like ...; to put on airs; to be self-important
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
such; like that; that sort of; very
idea; notion; sense (e.g. of duty); resignation; preparedness; observation and contemplation
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
(social) class; rank; grade
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
war; battle; match; game; competition
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
Muromachi period (1333-1573)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign