eventful times for the nation (world); the nation (world) being in turmoil; the storm clouds gathering in the land
so to speak; so to call it; as it were
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
reaching; attaining; arrival
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
return of the Emperor (from a visit); return of a shintai to its shrine
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
ghee (held to be the greatest of all flavours); (fig.) the ultimate truth of Buddhism; (fig.) nirvana
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
vehicle; horse-drawn carriage