country; territory; domain; realm
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; victory; strictness; cruelty
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
chief vassal; senior statesman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
discussion; deliberation; consideration; investigation (into a suspect); inquiry; enquiry
initiative; prior consideration
of course; certainly; naturally
feelings; thoughts; meaning
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
rather; better; instead; if anything
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
second; secondary; quadratic (function, equation, etc.); second-order
third; tertiary; cubic (function, equation, etc.); third-order
to offer; to sacrifice; to dedicate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
leaving (e.g. work at end of day); withdrawal (e.g. from a noble's or superior's presence); exit (e.g. from a market)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
hall; saloon; spacious room; reception room
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)