to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
ten; 10; ten years of age
eleven; 11; jack (playing card); Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
short distance; short range; short-haul
train (esp. long distance train); steam train
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
men's things; menswear; men's wear; men's; for men
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
overcoat; greatcoat; cloak; wrap; mantle
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
to be exhausted; to be tired out
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
tobacco; cigarette; cigaret; tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to smoke (a cigarette); to behave as ...; to accelerate; to rev up
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
suitable; appropriate; befitting; conjoining; association; samprayukta