change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
action of making something; -ification
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
make-up; makeup; cosmetics
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
digestion (of food); digestion (of information); assimilation; consumption; absorption; (arch.) losing one's form and turning into something else
purification; cleanup (e.g. of politics); purge
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.); to assume the shape of; to disguise oneself as; to change radically; to metamorphose; to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)
specialization; specialisation
to poke fun at; to make fun of; to send up
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatar
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
stimulation (e.g. of an economy); revitalization (e.g. of a town); rejuvenation; activation
to change into; to convert to; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
deterioration; degradation; drop in quality; becoming unattractive (because of aging)
antics; buffoonery; clowning; clown; jester
embodiment; realization; materialization
cosmetics; toilet articles
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
transforming oneself; taking on another form; disguising oneself; artificial fly (for fishing)
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
beautification; glorification
influence (on someone); inspiration
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
hardening; vulcanization; hardening (of attitude, stance, etc.); stiffening; upturn (in the market); firming up
change of heart; change of mind; change in mental state
incarnation (of Buddha or bodhisattva); avatar; embodiment (as in "embodiment of evil"); incarnation; personification
intensification; aggravation
making practical; making useful; implementing
aging; wearing out; deterioration
ageing; aging; senile deterioration
change; transformation; inversion
carbonization; carbonisation
calming down; quieting down
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
optimization; optimisation
degeneration; retrogression
to bewitch; to confuse; to enchant; to delude
verbalizing; putting into words
increase in activity; activation
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
making efficient; optimization
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
personification; anthropomorphization
breaking ball (pitch); curve ball; screwball
chemical reaction; generation of an unexpected result from combining things
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
encryption; encipherment; password protection
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
to become a wandering ghost; to appear as a spirit
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
specialized; specialised; boutique
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
vaporization; vaporisation; evaporation
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
modernization; modernisation
suppuration; festering; coming to head
specialization; specialisation; differentiation
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
electrical appliances; electric appliances
monster cat; cat with magical powers
embodiment; materialization; actualization; realization; taking form; taking shape
person of culture; cultured person
indigestion; dyspepsia; incomprehensibility; inability to understand
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
innumerable changes; infinite variety
cultural assets; cultural property
declining birth rates; decrease in the number of children
toilet; lavatory; powder room
chemical substances; chemicals
thick makeup; heavy makeup
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
normalization; normalisation
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
shapeshifting (of an animal or spirit); goblin; incarnation; transformation
degradation over time; time-related deterioration
digitization; digitalization
toughened glass; tempered glass
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
democratization; democratisation
toilet articles; makeup kit
calming down; quieting down
different culture; foreign culture
purification; refining; simplification
to jest; to clown (around)
stabilization; stabilisation
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
becoming dull; slowing down
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
education; enlightenment; civilization; civilisation; indoctrination
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
evolutionary theory; theory of evolution
increase in speed, acceleration
naturalization; naturalisation
greening (i.e. planting to increase greenery); tree planting; afforestation
population ageing (aging)
bogging down; dragging on; turning into a quagmire; becoming mired in a mess
visualization; visualisation
corruption (of text, e.g. in email, due to improper encoding); garbling; illegal character; corrupted text; garbled text
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
important cultural property; important cultural asset
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
adjusting one's makeup; renovation; remodeling; redecoration
electronization; digitization; computerization
(animal making a) monstrous apparition
depopulation; declining population
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
vanity case; cosmetics case
coating of snow; blanket of snow
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
throwaway match (i.e. one played after a tournament has already been decided); dead rubber
clarification; definition
carbon monoxide poisoning
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
civilization; civilisation; enlightenment
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
idealization; idealisation
creation; nature; the Universe
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
making obligatory; making compulsory
decreasing birthrate and aging population; aging population combined with the diminishing number of children; declining birthrate and a growing proportion of elderly people; dwindling birthrate and an aging population; low birthrate and longevity
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
haunted mansion; haunted house; enchanted house
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
restoration; return to health
stormy weather (at sea); poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas); poor turn-out; recession
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
homogenization; homogenisation
globalization; globalisation
denuclearization; denuclearisation
maximization; maximisation
popularization; popularisation
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
legalization; legalisation
colonization; colonisation
cultural exchange; cross-cultural communication; contacts between different cultures
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
destabilization; destabilisation
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
feminization; feminisation
undifferentiated; unspecialized
undigested (food); unfulfilled (orders); unused (funds)
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
strengthening of relations
urbanization; urbanisation
to turn into a state of feverish mood
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
computerization; computerisation
reduction (in size); shrinking; minimization; trivializing (an issue); making light of; playing down
chemical experiment; chemistry experiment
systematisation; systematization
moving into the black; becoming profitable
major change; major transformation
(Japanese) Agency for Cultural Affairs
sanctification; consecration
evolved form; developed form
minimization; minimisation
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
privatization; privatisation
hydrogen sulphide; hydrogen sulfide; sulphuretted hydrogen; sulfuretted hydrogen
arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
nationalization; nationalisation
increased or beefed up security
phase change; state change; transformation
chemical fertilizer; chemical fertiliser
bipolarization; bipolarisation
symbolization; coding; encoding
semi-European-style house; type of Japanese house incorporating Western elements that was made popular in the 1920s and 1930s
making hollow; making meaningless; deindustrialization; deindustrialisation
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
supernatural tanuki (Japanese folklore)
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
Japanization; Japanisation
standardization; standardisation
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
aging process; ageing process
mass culture; pop culture; popular culture; culture of the people (as opposed to the elite)
moral culture; spiritual culture; culture born through the workings of the human mind (science, religion, philosophy, religion, art, etc.)
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
very stormy weather (at sea); very poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas)
democratic movement; movement towards democracy
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
specialization; specialisation
chemistry laboratory; chemical laboratory
change; metamorphosis; transformation
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
countermeasures to the falling birthrate
popularization; popularisation
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
Sovietize; Sovietise; turning red; become communistic
haunted mansion; haunted house; enchanted house
chemical seasoning (esp. monosodium glutamate)
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
conceptualization; conceptualisation
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
labor saving; labour saving
formulation; formularization; formularisation
aging society; ageing society
vaporization heat; vaporisation heat
lantana (plant, flower); hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla); kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes seven times
unification; centralization; centralisation
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
masculinization; virilization
increase in the average age of marriage
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
tightening of regulations
chemical plant; chemical factory; chemical works
naturalized citizen; naturalised citizen
Order of Culture; Order of Cultural Merit
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
to be stormy or choppy (sea); to go through hard times; to be broke; to be gloomy; to be glum
standardization; standardisation
looking great with makeup
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
turning into a brand; branding
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
socialization; socialisation
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
mysterious bird; strange bird; eerie bird; monster that has taken the form of a bird
Culture Day (national holiday; November 3)
Kōka era (1844.12.2-1848.2.28)
impersonation; personification
standardization; uniformalization
two sly characters outfoxing each other
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
commercialization; commercialisation
homogenization (e.g. milk)
vulgarization; vulgarisation; secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
animalization; animalisation
liquefied natural gas; LNG
objectivization; viewing objectively
change over the years; aging; ageing; secular change
toughening the law; making the law stricter
industrialization; industrialisation
becoming cancerous; canceration
water-purification tank; septic tank
improvement; amelioration
Taika era (645.6.19-650.2.15)
centralization of power; centralisation of power
lady's pin money (pocket money); payment to a cosmetician; cosmetic material; dowry (Edo period)
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
cultural facilities (art galleries, tea rooms, etc.)
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
visualization; rendering visible (e.g. a problem); digitization
conversion to sugar; saccharification
tangible cultural properties
oxidizing agent; oxidant; oxidizer
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
variation; variant pattern
toxification; turning toxic; turning poisonous
hardener; curative agent; stiffening agent
country with a high level of culture
sulfuration; sulphuration
digestive capacity; digestive power; digestive strength
individualization; individualisation
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
refinement; purification; gentle persuasion; winning over; influence
popularization; popularisation
a sense of release (as if one had wings and were riding on air)
becoming cancerous; canceration
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
becoming cancerous; canceration
westernization; westernisation
all-electric (e.g. heating)
creating a mystery; mystification
classifying in patterns; typification
religious-fund soliciting; Buddhist preaching
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
cultural science (Rickert's "Kulturwissenschaft")
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
lands outside (Chinese) civilization
culture; arts and sciences
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease
self-organization; self-organisation
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
vinyl chloride; chloroethylene
virtualization; virtualisation
chemical symbols (for the elements)
many cultures; multicultural
modernization; modernisation
equalization; equalisation
desalination; desalinization; desalting
aluminum oxide (Al2O3); aluminium oxide; alumina
silicon dioxide (SiO2); silica
securitization; securitisation
Ministry of Culture (e.g. in China)
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
turning evil into good through proselytization
dissimilation; catabolism; dissimilation (phonology); defamiliarization (artistic technique); ostranenie
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
intangible cultural heritage
changing; becoming; death
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
nullification; annihilation
bathroom mirror; vanity mirror
age lowering; reduction in age
crystallization; crystallisation
conversion to fiber optics
kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes seven times; the seven common disguises of ninja
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
duplication; to make redundant
magnetization; magnetisation
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
important intangible cultural asset
nationalization; nationalisation
robotization; robotizing; automation
simplification; unification
transition to domestic production; import substitution
decryption; decipherment; decoding
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
militarization; militarisation
commercialization; commercialisation
chemical composition; chemical component
chemical structure; chemical constitution
dramatization; dramatisation
computerization; computerisation
intangible cultural asset
vaporizer; vaporiser; carburetor; carburettor
commercialization; commercialisation
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (1950)
heavy and chemical industries
influencing (a person) for good
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
Cultural Affairs Department
heaven of enjoying emanations; one of the six heavens of the desire realm
manpower reduction; personnel saving
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
cooked and dry packed rice; processed quick-cooking rice
liberalization of capital transactions
computerization; computerisation
arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries
acetone peroxide; triacetone triperoxide; peroxyacetone; TATP; TCAP
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
inflection; conjugation; declension
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
communization; communisation
super-ageing society (aging)
profit maximization; profit maximisation
heaven of controlling others' emanations
reformatory; reform school
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
liquefied gas; liquid gas
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
Kulturkampf (church-state conflict in Prussia; 1872-1887)
carbon oxide; hypercapnia; hypercarbia; hypocapnia
prevention of global warming
heavy double-handled pot used for making rice
biological and chemical weapons
applied chemistry; adaptation
ghost story; spooky story
streamlining of operations
Fuke school (defunct sect of Zen Buddhism)
albinism; chlorosis; bleaching (of coral)
commoditization; commodification
westernization; westernisation
makeup base; liquid foundation
organizational culture; culture of an organization
trade liberalization; trade liberalisation
evolutionary rate; rate of evolution
vinyl chloride; chloroethylene
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
magnesium oxide (MgO); magnesia
mechanization; mechanisation
influencing people by one's virtue
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
making people subjects of the emperor; imperialisation; imperialization
environmental degradation
important intangible folk culture asset
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
variation; amount of change
cultural museum; museum of culture
encephalomalacia; cerebromalacia; cerebral softening; softening of the brain
ornamental tile; facing bricks
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
indigestible; digestion-resistant; hard-to-digest
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
saponification; conversion to soap
person who has made outstanding cultural contributions
silicon dioxide (SiO2); silica
cross-cultural; intercultural
malacia; abnormal softening of tissues
nitridization; nitriding; nitride (of)
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
artificial incubation; artificial hatching
customization; customisation
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
fiber-glass reinforced plastics; FRP
artificial incubation; artificial hatching
lantern ghost; demonic lantern
case declension; case inflection
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
ionization tendency; ionisation tendency
simplification; simplifying
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
East Asian evergreen forest culture (theory)
prevention of global warming
aluminium hydroxide (aluminum)
lady's pin money; cosmetics expense
mercury sulfide (esp. mercuric sulfide, HgS, but also mercurous sulfide, Hg2S) (sulphide)
from the chemical point of view
militarization; militarisation
inflection of words (e.g. declension of nouns and conjugation of verbs)
keratinization; cornification
putting in order; systemize; systemise
demutualization; becoming incorporated
imperialisation policy (esp. on Korea during Japan's colonial rule) (imperialization); policy of imperialisation
chemical weapons ban treaty
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
chemical structural formula
extreme population aging (ageing)
creation of the world; evolution
low-carbohydrate diet; low-carb diet
extremely popular long-running TV show
assimilation; incorporation
Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterium that causes group A streptococcal infections)
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
culture of the printed word; book culture
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
copper oxide (i.e. cuprous oxide, cupric oxide)
sulphur oxide; sulfur oxide
oxidation-reduction reaction
international cultural exchange
specialized AI; specialised AI
visual culture; culture of visual images; (screen) image culture
miniaturization technology
removal of make-up before going to sleep
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
writing into law; codification; enacting
liberalization of imports; liberalisation of imports
encephalomalacia; brain softening
assimilation; metabolism; anabolism
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
creative evolution (as proposed by Henri Bergson)
hydrogenated oil; hardened oil
chemical protective clothing; hazmat suit
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
something difficult to teach
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
cobalt chloride (esp. CoCl2, but also CoCl3)
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
vacuolation; vacuolization
caramelization; caramelisation
urbanization control area; urban control area
cross-cultural; comparative culture
staging a story; filming a story
leftward shift; liberal trend
diurnal variation (temperature, etc.); daily variation; diel cycle
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
monoamine oxidase inhibitor; MAO inhibitor; MAOI
noumenal Buddha (in comparison to phenomenal Buddha)
cell potency; differentiation potency
layering; stratification; sheafification
(the so-called) kanji culture
naturalized plant; naturalised plant
optimization program; optimisation program
arsenic trioxide; white arsenic (As2O3); arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
iconization; minimization
iron sulfide; iron sulphide
pyogenic bacteria; pus-producing bacteria
non-electrified; unelectrified
randomized controlled trial
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
castle magically created by the Buddha
alienation effect; Verfremdungseffekt
objectification; objectifying
diagonalisation; diagonalization
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
(being) free of chemical seasoning (esp. MSG)
Americanization; Americanisation
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
chromium oxide (esp. Cr2O3 and CrO3)
Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
gastrointestinal stromal tumor (tumour); GIST
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
gynecomastia; gynaecomastia
nitrogen oxide (esp. nitric oxide, but also nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen pentoxide, etc.)
tulku; reincarnate Tibetan lama
palynomorph; pollen fossil
cosmo-chemistry; space science
computational chemistry (i.e. computer simulation of chemical phenomena); computer chemistry
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
canonization (in a textual sense)
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
kanji cultural sphere; countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used
arteriosclerosis obliterans
vitrification (esp. oocyte cryopreservation)
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
lead monoxide; lead(II) oxide
recycling; resource recovery
zirconium oxide; zirconia
index fossil; zone fossil; guide fossil; indicator fossil
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
non-fossil (energy, fuel, etc.)
atmospheric oxidation; oxidation upon exposure to the air; air oxidation; smoothering
giving guidance; explaining
Palaeolithic culture; Paleolithic culture
assumption of a suitable form (by a buddha or bodhisattva)
antimony sulfide; antimony sulphide
fossil water; paleowater; palaeowater
heaven of enjoying emanations; one of the six heavens of the desire realm
looking great with makeup
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
fibre-reinforced (plastic, concrete, etc.) (fiber)
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830 CE)
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
fundamental culture (concept proposed by German folklorist Hans Naumann); deep culture
industrial standardization law
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
impersonalization; impersonalisation; depersonalization
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
to age; to grow old (esp. in appearance); to show marks of age
imperial lands; lands blessed by the emperor's reign
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
decryption; decipherment; decoding
adapting for TV; television adaptation
ghost story; spooky story
cooked and dry packed rice; processed quick-cooking rice
commoditization; commodification
increase in the average age of childbirth
objectification; objectifying
objectification; objectifying
saponification; conversion to soap
caramelization; caramelisation
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
to unmask (someone's true nature)
to unmask (someone's true nature)
arsenic trioxide; white arsenic (As2O3); arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
encryption; coding; password
masking one's true character; disguise; sheep's clothing
masking one's true character; disguise; sheep's clothing
parity check (data, memory, etc.)
chemical fertilizer; chemical fertiliser
normalization; normalisation
normalization; normalisation
mineralization; mineralisation
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
synthetic chemical industry
market liberalization; market liberalisation; opening up of a market
dimensional regularisation; dimensional regularization
motorization; motorisation
artificial incubation (method)
artificial incubation (method)
regularisation; regularization
second quantisation; second quantization
hardener (catalyst in hardening thermosetting materials)
thermosetting material (esp. plastics and resins)
privatized business; privatised business
paedomorphosis; pedomorphosis
vulcanized rubber; vulcanised rubber
gelatinization; gelatinisation
gelatinization; gelatinisation
(fully) automated factory
vocalization; vocalisation
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
standardization; standardisation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
to expose one's true colors (colours); to expose one's true character
to expose one's true colors (colours); to expose one's true character
subcategorization; subcategorisation
subcategorization principle; subcategorisation principle
subcategorization feature; subcategorisation feature
functional unification grammar; FUG
information visualization; information visualisation
unification-based formalisms
coded character set; code
character encoding scheme
changing something to full remote control
energy of ionization; energy of ionisation
racemization; racemisation
dinitrogen monoxide; nitrous oxide
polyvinyl chloride; PVC; vinyl chloride resin
sulphur chloride; sulfur chloride
chemical oxygen demand; COD
Minister for Culture and Tourism
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
chemical contamination disaster
environmental degradation
structured query language; SQL
mixed plutonium and uranium oxides fuel; MOX
political liberalization; political liberalisation
Conference of Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
carbon dioxide reducing obligation
right to emit carbon dioxide
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations; CLAIR
suddenly turning for the worse; sudden deterioration
fine chemical (high precision chemicals, typically used in pharmaceutical products)
isomerized sugar; high-fructose corn syrup; HFCS
State Minister in Charge of Postal Services Privatization
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
progeria (disease characterized by symptoms suggestive of premature aging)
cost minimization; cost minimisation
factor price equalization theorem
utility maximization; utility maximisation
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
mercurous oxide (Hg2O); mercuric oxide (HgO)
stannous oxide (SnO); stannic oxide (SnO2)
cadmium sulfide (CdS) (sulphide)
zinc sulfide (ZnS) (sulphide)
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
polyvinyl chloride pipe; PVC pipe
polyvinyl chloride pipe; PVC pipe
(study of) molecular evolution
elegant speech (esp. the use of the prefixes "o-" and "go-"); refined language; polite language
biochemical oxygen demand; BOD
evolutionarily stable strategy; ESS
the three creator gods (Amanominakanushi no Kami, Takamimusuhi no Kami and Kamimusuhi no Kami)
evolutionary developmental biology; evo-devo
economics of scope; economics of diversification
binary-coded decimal code
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal notation
binary-coded decimal notation
code element; code value; coded representation
search engine optimization; SEO
(cell) encapsulation delay
Data Encryption Standard; DES
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
differential Manchester encoding
Hypermedia; Time-based Structuring Language; HyTime
markup minimization feature
link-by-link encipherment
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
phase modulation recording; phase encoding
phase modulation recording; phase encoding
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
metal oxide semiconductor; MOS
Metal Oxide Semiconductor; MOS
SQL; Structured Query Language
international standardization
International Organization for Standardization; ISO
Universal Character Set; UCS
time division multiplexing; TDM
omitted tag minimization parameter
normalized device coordinates; NDC
normalized projection coordinates; NPC
normalization transformation; Viewing transformation; window-to-viewport transformation
phase change optical disk
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor; CMOS
multiplexer; multiplexing equipment
Adaptive Transform Coding; ATC
non-return-to-zero (change) recording; NRZ(C)
standards organization; standards body
Encoded Information Type; EIT
body part encryption indication
culture of a higher order (as opposed to fundamental culture)
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
open-chain compound; acyclic compound
age resister; antioxidant
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (disease of the connective tissue); FOP
evolutionary epistemology
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
carbon sink; carbon dioxide sink; CO2 sink
naturalized animal; naturalised animal
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
sustained virological response; SVR
isomerization; isomerisation
phase-transfer emulsification
complex compound; chelate compound
morphofunctional modifications
morphofunctional modifications
audio equalizer circuit; sound equalizer circuit
audio equalizer; sound equalizer
private koyomi published illegally (Edo period)
private koyomi published illegally (Edo period)
lead dioxide; lead(IV) oxide
period in the sixth and seventh centuries prior to the Taika reform
crystallization differentiation
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
guidance; teaching people and leading them to Buddhism
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
automated mass-production
postal service privatization
blackening solution; (arch.) developing solution
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
demythologization; demythicization
stock conversion; conversion to stock
femtosecond chemistry; femtochemistry
oxidative phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
resealable metal can (for coffee, tea leaves, sweets, etc.)
greenhouse gases; heat-trapping gases
incentives to promote land transactions
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
decolonization; decolonisation
digestion resistant dextrin; indigestible dextrin
pyococcus; coccoid bacterium that forms pus
evolutionary game theory (EGT)
heightened tension; intensification of tension
neutral theory of molecular evolution
synthetic organic chemistry; organic synthetic chemistry
makeup products; cosmetics
water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout; fresh water used when making up one's face
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
primary lateral sclerosis; PLS
chloroplatinic acid; hexachloroplatinic acid
oleochemistry; oil and fat chemistry
atherosclerosis; atherosclerotic
expanding abroad; tapping overseas markets
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
iron hydroxide; ferrous hydroxide; ferric hydroxide
hexachloroethane; perchloroethanes
periventricular leukomalacia (leucomalacia)
lithium hexafluorophosphate
lithium hexafluorophosphate
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
pro-democracy movement in China
tissue plasminogen activator; tPA; PLAT
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH
(pharmaceutical) candidate compound
inclusion compound; clathrate compound
loris (esp. a slow loris)
liquefied petroleum gas; LPG
Law Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
crystallized glass; vitroceramics; glass-ceramic
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
digital rights; digitization rights; right to digitize a work
coulrophobia; fear of clowns
New Culture Movement (revolutionary movement in China, 1917-1921)
employment mobility; fluidity of employment
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
chemical oceanography; marine chemistry
age hardening; precipitation hardening; particle hardening
open-chain compound; acyclic compound
cyclic compound; ring compound
carbon sink; carbon dioxide sink; CO2 sink
modulation symbol (flat, sharp, etc.)
beef (or pork) and egg on rice
search engine optimization (optimisation); SEO
simplified Chinese character
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
denationalization (industry, company, etc.)
actinic keratosis; solar keratosis; senile keratosis
low-carbohydrate; low-carb
card that can be counted as more than one type of card for scoring combinations (e.g. the sake cup card or the November suit)
card that can be counted as more than one type of card for scoring combinations (e.g. the sake cup card or the November suit)
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
Longshan culture (China, 3000-1900 BCE); Lung-shan culture; Black Pottery culture
everyone drinks at least a little bit; (lit.) ghosts and non-drinkers do not exist
everyone drinks at least a little bit; (lit.) ghosts and non-drinkers do not exist
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
randomized controlled trial
rendering plant for livestock carcasses
non-fossil fuel energy value trading market (established in 2018 by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Non-Fossil Fuel Certificate
sea level change; eustatic change
bunkafu; tablature notation system used for shamisen music
yellow stem borer (species of moth, Scirpophaga incertulas)
striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis)
map puffer (Arothron mappa)
chosenia (Chosenia arbutifolia) (species of willow, also Salix arbutifolia)