indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to live; to reside; to inhabit
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
network; Internet; net (hair, netball, etc.); net (price, weight, etc.); nett
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)