to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
group of companies; combine
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
physical distribution; distribution of goods; logistics
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
total sales; total proceeds
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
10^12; 1,000,000,000,000; trillion; sign; omen; indication
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
unit; denomination; credit (in school); in units of (e.g. "in thousands"); in amounts of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
difference; variation; difference
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
don't you think?; indicates question
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
series; sequence; keiretsu (group); conglomeration of businesses linked by cross-shareholdings; affiliated; subsidiary
public relations; PR; publicity; publicizing
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)