indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
transforming oneself; taking on another form; disguising oneself; artificial fly (for fishing)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
cheese; tee (piping); T-joint; cheese (said when taking a photograph)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to hit (e.g. to have a car hit someone); to run into; to reject; to deny; to eliminate; to exclude; to flip
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow