seed leaves (of a dicot); cotyledons; bud; early stages; very beginning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
meaning; significance; sense
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come and stay; to drop in; to visit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
postcard; memo; note; card
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
meat sauce; Bolognese sauce
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
family; members of a family
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
now; the present time; just now; another; more
occasionally; once in a while; seldom; casually; unexpectedly; accidentally