indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
himself; yourself; herself
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
writing (e.g. as a profession)
right in the middle (of); midst; height
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
day after tomorrow; wrong (e.g. direction)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Christmas cake; unmarried woman above the age of 25
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing