indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to start a journey; to embark on a trip; to set forth; to hit the trail
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to take a veneer off something
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
ferocious; fierce; audacious; impudent; shameless
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
(professional) storyteller; hereditary role of narrator in early imperial court
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
being bombed; being A-bombed; being nuked; being exposed to radiation (from an atomic blast)
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
all over Japan; throughout Japan
in regard to; concerning (usu. of disputes)
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
unexpected; contrary to expectations; by chance; casual