indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all out; like hell; like crazy; desperately; (lit.) expecting to die
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
company; corporation; workplace
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
certainty; reality; regular; permanent; samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation)
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine