that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Kaga (former province located in the south of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
castella (type of sponge cake)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
and then; and so; and; so then
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
tension; mental strain; nervousness
continuation; succession; series
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
promotion; advancement; rising in rank
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
study; diligence; discount; reduction
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor