child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
downstream; lower reaches of a river; lower classes
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
publicity; advertisement; advertising; propaganda
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
how; in what way; how about
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
myself; yourself; I; me; you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
lifeline; safety rope; safety tether
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?