sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Yamaguchi (city, prefecture)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to insist; to assert; to be obstinate in saying
coexistence; living together
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...