kabuki; Japanese classical drama
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
by nature; naturally; by birth; inborn
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
strong pressure; heavy pressure
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
iris (flower); Siberian iris (Iris sanguinea); (arch.) sweet flag (Acorus calamus); (arch.) calamus
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
across; over; beyond; throughout (a period of time); for
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
son-in-law taken (adopted) into family
when it becomes; when it comes to
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
engagement gift; (ceremonial) exchange of engagement gifts