indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
collaborator; cooperator; coworker; ally
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to recapture
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
very young; little; childish; immature
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
use; utilization; utilisation; application
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to thrust before; to thrust at
full moon; moon on the 15th day of the month (by the lunar calendar); full moon of the eighth lunar month
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
last night; the previous night; night before (Christmas, etc.); eve (of festival, major event, etc.)
ring finger; third finger; fourth finger (in piano-playing); fourth toe
adhesive bandage; sticking plaster; band-aid
to wind; to coil; to envelope; to shroud; to outflank; to skirt
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season