today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
my husband; one's family; family member
extramarital sex; affair; fooling around; infidelity; wantonness; unfaithfulness
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
shameful; disgraceful; indecent; unseemly; unbecoming; improper
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
(wrestling) ring; forum (e.g. for discussion); sandbag; gabion
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
cosmetics; toilet articles
your husband; her husband
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very