without compensation; without reward; without pay; free (of charge)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
incident; affair; happening; event
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
meaning; significance; sense
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
by myself; in person; by oneself
selection; choice; option
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
should; must; -able; probably; likely
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
childbirth; (giving) birth; delivery; production (of goods)
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary