to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to pass (of time); to elapse
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
please (give me); please (do for me)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
condescending attitude; arrogant attitude; looking down on
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
reality; actuality; hard fact
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
suffix for familiar person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open