indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
program (e.g. TV); programme
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be needed; to be wanted
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interesting; fascinating; intriguing; amusing; funny; comical
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to get heavy; to worsen (of illness); to grow serious
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
it can't be helped; so it goes; c'est la vie
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
now that; since; so long as; because
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker