indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
view of marriage; outlook on marriage; attitude towards marriage
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
feature (e.g. newspaper); special edition; report
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to support; to maintain; to bring up; to raise; to adopt (a child); to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays