indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Rapin; LaPan; Lapin (e.g.Suzuki car); Lapan
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
nucleus; backbone; medium-level; mid-level; main body (of troops); crack troops
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
as you see; as you can see
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
leading; prominent; eminent; counting on one's fingers
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
not quite (right); not very good; somewhat (lacking)
suddenly; in a flash; rapidly; attractive; distinguished; showy
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
foreign; abroad; overseas
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as